TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR ACUTE BRONCHITIS AND ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ, 2010–2023
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of hospitalizations for acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis in children aged 0–9 years in the state of Piauí between 2010 and 2023 and compare it with the trend observed in the Northeast region. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach was conducted using data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalizations for acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis in children aged 0–9 years from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed. Annual hospitalization rates per 100,000 children were calculated using population data from DATASUS and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Temporal trends were assessed using Prais-Winsten regression. Results: A total of 4,722 hospitalizations were recorded in Piauí. Hospitalization rates decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, followed by an increase in 2023, when the highest rate was observed (144.02/100,000 children). In the Northeast, the lowest rate occurred in 2020 (37.16/100,000) and the highest in 2023 (268.97/100,000). Trend analysis showed a stationary pattern in both Piauí (APC = 0.59%; p = 0.958) and the Northeast (APC = 4.32%; p = 0.251), with no statistically significant changes over time. Conclusion: Hospitalizations for acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis fluctuated throughout the study period, with a marked impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no significant increasing or decreasing trend was identified in Piauí or the Northeast, highlighting the need to maintain epidemiological surveillance, prevention, and child health care.
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