DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES OF VACCINATION DURING PREGNANCY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
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Introduction: Maternal vaccination is recognized as an essential public health strategy, capable of reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality and preventing severe diseases in the first months of life. Despite proven benefits, barriers such as vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and regional inequalities persist, particularly in developing countries. Objective: To conduct an integrative review of the last five years of literature to identify the main difficulties and challenges of maternal vaccination, comparing national and international evidence. Methodology: Original articles, systematic reviews, and cross-sectional studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Scopus databases using Portuguese and English descriptors. After applying eligibility criteria and methodological evaluation, 13 articles were selected. Data were organized into tables and graphs using Microsoft Excel 11, enabling thematic synthesis and critical analysis. Results and Discussion: The studies analyzed highlighted benefits of maternal vaccination, such as reduced cases of pertussis, influenza, and hepatitis B in infants. The main difficulties reported were vaccine hesitancy (10 articles), misinformation (8), logistical barriers (6), unequal coverage (5), and cultural aspects (4). In Brazil, regional variability in adherence and gaps in integration between prenatal care and vaccination services were observed. In OECD countries, although coverage is higher, pockets of hesitancy remain. Conclusion: Maternal vaccination is safe, effective, and socially relevant, directly contributing to infant mortality reduction and global health goals. However, its full effectiveness depends on overcoming cultural, informational, and logistical barriers, as well as strengthening integration between prenatal care and immunization services.
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